The Response of the Tropical Atmosphere
نویسنده
چکیده
Due to the condition of the original material, there are unavoidable flaws in this reproduction. We have made every effort possible to provide you with the best copy available. If you are dissatisfied with this product and find it unusable, please contact Document Services as soon as possible. partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ABSTRACT A theoretical analysis is made of the large-scale stationary zonally asymmetric motions that result f.rom the heating and oro-graphic effect in the tropical atmosphere. The release of latent heat dominates the sensible and radiational heating and the latter two are ignored. The first linear model is a continuous stratified atmosphere in solid westward rotation with no dissipation. Of the modes corresponding to positive eigenvalues (equivalent depths) only the rota-tionally-trapped Kelvin wave exhibits a significant response. The solutions with negative equivalent depths are considered unrealistic because their amplitude is a maximum in high latitudes where the wind is westerly. Because the Kelvin wave response does not compare well with the observed flow, it is concluded that the neighboring wester-lies in the real atmosphere are important even if the forcing is in low latitudes. The second linear model is a two-layer numerical model including parameterized dissipation and realistic basic currents. Following an analysis of the response to especially simple forms of heating and orographic forcing, realistic forcing is considered. Close to the equator dissipative effects are very important in this model. The dominant forcing at very low latitudes is the latent heating; at higher latitudes the advective terms and the effects of rotation become more important and the influence of the orography and the heating are more nearly equal. A study of the energetics shows that the response near the equator is due both to local latent heating and to the effect of steady forced motions at subtropical latitudes. Reasonable agreement between the predicted and observed motions indicates that most of the observed circulations at low latitudes are forced by heating and orography within or on the border of the equatorial regions.
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تاریخ انتشار 2010